Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is a condition characterized by the gradual degeneration of joint cartilage and underlying bone. It is commonly observed in middle-aged and older individuals and is often referred to as “wear and tear” arthritis due to its gradual onset over time.

The symptoms of osteoarthritis typically develop slowly and are not immediately apparent. Many people first experience achy joints after physical activity. As the disease progresses, additional symptoms may arise, including:

1. Joint pain during movement.
2. Sensation or sound of bone rubbing together (known as crepitus) when using the joint.
3. Stiffness following periods of inactivity, particularly after sleeping or sitting.
4. Tenderness when applying pressure to the affected joint.

Osteoarthritis most commonly affects the fingers, hands, spine, knees, and hips. Movement of the joints becomes challenging, bending may be restricted, and the affected area may appear swollen or feel stiff.

The primary cause of osteoarthritis is long-term wear and tear on the joints resulting from repetitive movements or poor posture, rather than injuries, which are less common causes. Over time, the joint cartilage, which serves as a shock absorber, gradually erodes. As cartilage loses its shape, the bones start rubbing against each other, leading to swelling, pain, and limited mobility in the joint.

Several risk factors contribute to the development of osteoarthritis, including:

1. Age: Advanced age is the most significant risk factor.
2. Gender: Both women and men are affected, but men under 45 years old have a higher risk, while women are more commonly affected after the age of 45.
3. Obesity: Excess weight places additional stress on the joints, particularly the weight-bearing knee joint.
4. Injury: Traumatic injuries to the joints increase the likelihood of developing osteoarthritis.

Diagnosing osteoarthritis involves a combination of questioning about symptoms, a physical examination, and potentially additional tests. X-rays can help determine the presence of osteoarthritis and track its progression over time. Joint aspiration, a slightly invasive procedure, involves extracting fluid from the joint for examination.

Treatment options for osteoarthritis aim to relieve discomfort and manage symptoms. These may include:

1. Analgesics: Over-the-counter and prescription pain-relieving medications, such as acetaminophen.
2. NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, available over-the-counter or as patches applied to the affected area.
3. Corticosteroid injections: Hormone injections that quickly reduce inflammation, pain, or swelling.
4. Hyaluronic acid injections: Injections that replace the lost lubricant in the joint, improving movement and alleviating discomfort.
5. Surgery: In severe cases or when other treatments are ineffective, surgery may be considered.

It’s important to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan for osteoarthritis.