Spondylosis

is a form of arthritis caused by the gradual deterioration of the spine due to normal wear and tear. It occurs when the joints and discs in the spine degenerate or when bone spurs develop on the vertebrae, or sometimes both. These changes can limit the spine’s movement and potentially affect nerve function and other bodily functions. Certain risk factors, such as a history of trauma, smoking, physically demanding occupations, or genetic predisposition, can increase the likelihood of developing spondylosis at an earlier age.

Different types of spondylosis include:

• Cervical spondylosis, which affects the neck and is the most common type during aging.
• Thoracic spondylosis, which affects the middle of the spine.
• Lumbar spondylosis, which affects the lower back.
• Multilevel spondylosis, which affects multiple parts of the spine.

As people age, the intervertebral discs that facilitate smooth movement and provide cushioning between the bones become thinner, drier, and harder, losing their ability to absorb impact. This is why older individuals are more prone to experiencing compression fractures, where the bones in the spine collapse. This is particularly common in individuals with osteoporosis. Additionally, the joints between the vertebrae, which enable flexible movement of the spine, gradually function less effectively over time due to cartilage surface wear and tear.

The erosion of the cartilage between the vertebrae can cause the bones to rub against each other, leading to the development of bony growths known as bone spurs.

Several risk factors for spondylosis include:

• Spinal injuries or previous spinal surgeries.
• Sedentary lifestyle lacking regular exercise.
• Obesity or being overweight.
• Genetic predisposition.
• Smoking.
• Jobs that involve repetitive or weight-bearing movements that strain the spine.
• Psoriatic arthritis.
• Mental health conditions such as depression or anxiety.

Common symptoms of spondylosis include muscle spasms, pain, a grinding or popping sensation when moving the spine, weakness in the hands or legs, poor coordination, headaches, difficulty walking and loss of balance, and loss of bladder or bowel control.

Treatment options and home remedies for spondylosis include:

• Over-the-counter pain relief medication, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen.
• Improving posture.
• Staying physically active with low-impact exercises like walking or swimming.
• Using back support, such as chairs or mattresses that provide better back support.
• Resting during periods of inflammation.
• Other medical treatments that can help manage symptoms include chiropractic treatment, acupuncture, massages, ultrasound treatment, or electrical stimulation.

In severe and persistent cases where other treatments have proven ineffective, surgery may be recommended by a doctor, especially if further damage is likely without surgical intervention.