Spinal Infection

A spinal infection is a rare but serious condition that occurs when fungi, bacteria, or viruses invade the spinal tissue. It can affect various parts of the spine, including the vertebrae, spinal disks, meninges, spinal canal, and spinal cord.

There are different types of spinal infections:

1. Discitis: Infection and inflammation of the intervertebral discs.
2. Osteomyelitis: Infection of the bones of the spine, which can lead to bone deterioration and collapse.

Symptoms of a spinal infection may include:

1. Pain that worsens with movement and does not respond to medication and rest.
2. Stiffness in the neck.
3. Low back pain.
4. Fever.
5. Chills.
6. Night sweats.
7. Bowel and bladder incontinence.
8. Swelling or redness at the site of infection.
9. Unexplained weight loss.
10. Weakness, tingling, or numbness in the arms and legs.

Several factors can increase the risk of developing a spinal infection, including:

1. Post-surgical infections.
2. Poor nutrition.
3. Obesity.
4. Steroid use.
5. Diabetes.
6. HIV.
7. Cancer.
8. History of organ transplant.

To diagnose a spinal infection, imaging scans such as x-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans may be performed. In some cases, a biopsy may be obtained using image guidance and a catheter. Laboratory tests to examine white blood cell count and markers of inflammation may also be conducted.

Treatment of a spinal infection typically involves a combination of approaches:

1. Intravenous antibiotic medications: Antibiotics are prescribed to kill the infection. The duration of treatment can range from 7 to 10 days up to 6 to 12 weeks. In some cases, a central line may be used for administering long-term antibiotics.
2. Bracing and rest: These measures help improve stability and support the healing process of the spine.
3. Laminectomy: This surgical procedure involves the removal of a portion of the vertebra (lamina) to alleviate pressure and increase space.
4. Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (ALIF): If the infection has caused damage or instability, the infected source may be removed, and a bone graft is inserted to permanently fuse two vertebrae together for support.

In cases where antibiotics alone are not effective or when nerve compression has occurred, surgical interventions may be necessary to treat the infection and repair the damage to the spine or prevent further damage.